關於比較的表達，我記得高中英文有個讓人蠻困擾的用法: in comparison，後面到底是加to還是with呢？而且前面介系詞又好像可以是by。查了一下資料原來真的都可以。只是如果要表達「把A比擬為B」只能用compare A to B。

於是我順便整理了所有有關compare和comparison的片語、習語、搭配詞，也練習分析一下這些片語的句法（lexical）結構，目前只能做到非理論性的分析，語意（sematical）的部分就先參考各家字典的定義。

Compare

1. does not compare with （比不上⋯⋯）
   • 【句法】附加名詞片語，構成動詞片語
   • 【例】Instant coffee just doesn’t compare with freshly ground coffee. （即溶咖啡根本比不上現磨的咖啡。）—Cambridge Dictionary
2. compare favourably with …（比⋯⋯好得很多）
   • 【句法】附加名詞片語的動詞片語
   • 【例】The hotel certainly compared favourably with the one we stayed in last year. （這家飯店當然比我們去年住的那家要好。）—Cambridge Dictionary
3. be nothing compared to/with …（跟⋯⋯比起來不算什麼）
   • 【句法】附加名詞片語的動詞片語
   • 【例】I’ve had some difficulties but they were nothing compared to yours (= they were not nearly as bad as yours). —freecollocation.com
4. compare A with/to B（將A與B相比較）
   • 【句法】動詞片語
   • 【語意】
     • to examine or look for the difference between A and B—Cambridge Dictionary;
       • to assess the similarities and differences between A and B—Wikitionary.
     • 標定語為進行比較的主體。
   • 【例】When you compare your early works to/with your recent ones, you’ll see that your painting skills have improved a lot. （當你將你的早期作品與近期作品相比時，你會發現你的畫畫技巧進步很多。）—hopeenglish
5. be compared with/to … （被拿來與⋯⋯相較）
   • 【句法】動詞片語（被動語態）
   • 【語意】
   • 【例句】Life in a suburban area is often compared to/with that in an urban area.（郊區生活常被拿來跟城市生活比較。）
6. compare A to B（ 將A比作/比擬/比喻為B）
   • 【句法】動詞片語（作此義時只能搭配介系詞 to）
   • 【語意】to declare A to be similar to B in some respect—Wikitionary; to judge, suggest, or consider that A is similar or of equal quality to B—Cambridge Dictionary. 標定語為進行比較的主體。用中文來類比，A為喻詞；B為喻依。
   • 【例句】The poet compares his lover’s tongue to a razor blade.—Cambridge Dictionary
   • 【例句】Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? —William Shakespeare Sonnet 18
7. Compared with/to A B
8. beyond compare（無與倫比的）【句法】介系詞片語
   • 【語意】so good that everyone or everything else is of worse quality
   • 【例句】Her beauty is beyond compare. （她的美麗無與倫比。）—Cambridge Dictionary
   • 【例句】Combine that with a bulletproof workflow and amazing color quality and you’ve got a competitive advantage beyond compare. —cn.linguee.com

Comparison

1. comparison between …  （⋯⋯〔之間〕的比較）【句法】須附加名詞片語的名詞片語
2. 【例句】a comparison between figures for last year and this year —freecollocation.com.
3. make/draw a comparison （相提並論）
   • 【句法】動詞片語；可後接以between為首的介系詞片語
   • 【語意】to say that two or more things or people are similar—Merriam-Webster
   • 【例句】
     • It’s difficult to make a direct comparison. The two things are so different.（難以相提並論。兩者差太多了。）—freecollocation.com.
     • She drew a comparison between life in the army and life in prison.（她把軍隊生活比作坐牢。）—Cambridge Dictionary.
4. there is no comparison between ⋯⋯（ A和B之間根本無法相提並論）
   • 【句法】子句；存在子句（existential clause）
   • 【語意】
     1. two or more things are very different—Merriam-Webster.
     2. one is much better than the other—Cambridge Dictionary.（此為引申意）
   • 【例句】
     1. There’s really no comparison between the two models.（兩個模特兒／模型之間確實無法相比。）—Merriam-Webster.
     2. To my mind there’s no comparison between the two restaurants.（在我心目中，這兩家飯店根本就不能比。）—Cambridge Dictionary.
5. bear/stand comparison with（能與…相提並論）
   • 【句法】動詞片語
   • 【語意】be not nearly as good as … —Cambridge Dictionary.
   • 【例句】He’s a good writer but he doesn’t bear/stand comparison with Shakespeare.（他是位好作家，但無法與莎士比亞相提並論。）—Cambridge Dictionary.
6. allow/enable/facilitate/invite/evoke comparison（⋯⋯可供比較）
   • 【句法】動詞片語；可後接以with/to為首的介系詞片語
   • 【語意】to be similar to—Merriam-Webster.
   • 【例句】
     • The similarity between the two invites comparison. （兩者的相似性可供比較。）—freecollocation.com.
     • His poetry evokes/invites comparison with the work of Robert Frost.—Merriam-Webster.
7. by/in comparison（相比之下）
   • 【句法】副詞片語；時常後接以with/to為首的介系詞片語，參考本詞第7項
   • 【語意】when compared to something else—Wikitionary.
   • 【近義】by contrast, in contrast—Wikitionary
   • 【例句】
     • Jane is still quite young, and Fiona seems old by comparison. （Jane還很年輕，而Fiona相比之下顯得較老。）—freecollocation.com.
     • Yesterday’s weather was very cold. Today’s weather is mild by comparison.（昨天天氣很冷。今天天氣比較溫和。）—Merriam-Webster.
8. by/in comparison to/with（與⋯⋯相比〔之下〕）
   • 【句法】須附加名詞片語的介系詞片語，（美式英語常搭配 to；英式英語常搭配 with）
   • 【語意】when compared to/with … —Wikitionary.
   • 【例句】
     • By/In comparison with the French, the British eat far less fish.（與法國人相比，英國人吃魚要少得多。）—Cambridge Dictionary
     • He’s a well-behaved child in/by comparison with/to his brother.（與他的兄弟相比，他是個乖孩子。）—Merriam-Webster
9. pale in comparison（相形見絀）
   • 【句法】動詞片語；可後接以with/to為首的介系詞片語
   • 【語意】
     • to seem much less serious or important when compared with someone or something else—Cambridge Dictionary.
     • to seem less important, good, serious, etc., when compared with something else—Merriam-Webster.
   • 【例句】
     • I thought I was badly treated but my experiences pale in comparison with yours.（我以為自己受到了苛刻的對待，但我的經歷和你的一比，真是小巫見大巫。）—Cambridge Dictionary.
     • Once you’ve tasted the local apples, all others pale by comparison.（一旦你嘗過當地的蘋果，其他所有蘋果都會相形見絀。）—Merriam-Webster.

這裡有其他有關比較的寫作技巧，我之後再寫專文來分析：

華樂絲學術寫作部落格－在論文中使用片語進行比較和對比
全民學英文－寫作小技巧－教你如何表達「相似」與「比較」